The ABC of EMG
A Practical Introduction
to Kinesiological Electromyography
Peter Konrad
Version 1.0 April 2005
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Contents:
SIGNAL ORIGIN AND ACQUISITION
INTRODUCTION & DEFINITION (4)
USE AND BENEFITS OF EMG (5)
SIGNAL ORIGIN 1 (6)
THE GENERATION OF THE EMG SIGNAL (7)
SIGNAL PROPAGATION AND DETECTION (8)
COMPOSITION OF EMG SIGNAL (9)
NATURE THE OF EMG SIGNAL (10)
THE INFLUENCE OF DETECTION CONDITION (11)
EMG AMPLIFICATION (12)
COMPUTATION OF THE EMG SIGNAL (13)
SKIN PREPARATION (14)
SURFACE ELECTRODE SELECTION (15)
FINE WIRE ELECTRODES (16)
GUIDELINES ELECTRODE APPLICATION (17)
SPECIFIC ASPECTS OF ELECTRODE APPLICATION (18)
MUSCLE MAP FRONTAL (19)
MUSCLE MAP DORSAL (20)
SIGNAL CHECK PROCEDURES (21)
气体处理SIGNAL CHECK PROCEDURES (22) SIGNAL CHECK PROCEDURES (23)
EMG ARTIFACTS (24)
PREPARE EMG - ACTION LIST (25)
SIGNAL PROCESSING
SIGNAL PROCESSING - RECTIFICATION (26)
SIGNAL PROCESSING - SMOOTHING (27)
升降
机构SIGNAL PROCESSING - DIGITAL FILTERING (28)
SIGNAL PROCESSING – AMPLITUDE NORMALIZATION (29)
SIGNAL PROCESSING – ECG REDUCTION (35)
TIME NORMALIZATION FOR REPETITION CYCLES (36)
AVERAGE EMG / ENSEMBLE AVERAGES (37)
EMG AMPLITUDE PARAMETERS (39)
EMG FREQUENCY PARAMETERS (40)
TIMING RELATED PARAMETERS (41)
THRESHOLDS CONCEPTS TO DEFINE SUBPERIODS (42)
EMG TO FORCE RATIO (43)
EMG ANALYSIS
EMG AS A BIOMECHANICAL METHOD (44)
EMG ANALYSIS QUESTIONS - OVERVIEW (45)
EMG ANALYSIS: ON/OFF? (46)
EMG ANALYSIS: MORE / LESS? (47)
EMG ANALYSIS: MUSCLE TIMING? (48)
EMG ANALYSIS: HOW MUCH ACTIVITY? (49)
EMG ANALYSIS: HOW MUCH FATIGUE? (50)叉车
称重 EMG ANALYSIS: MOVEMENT COORDINATION (51)
DESIGN OF EMG TESTS: NEED OF STANDARDIZATION (52)
RECOMMENDATIONS FOR TEST STANDARDIZATION (53)
EMG TRIGGERED TO MOVEMENT (54)
PERIOD DEFINITION FOR ANALYSIS (55)
COMPARISON ANALYSIS (56)
RECOMMENDED EMG BOOKS (57)
EMG GUIDELINES, SOCIETIES, SEARCH LINKS (58)
Introduction & Definition
How to use this booklet
This first edition of "The ABC of EMG" is primarily a short teaching
manual concerned with recapitulating selected scientific concepts as
well as general contents and processes of the experimental technique.
This booklet is not intended to replace the fundamental EMG literature
(see chapter “Recommended EMG Books”, which is also used as ref-
erence source for citations), especially when concerned with more ex-
perience leading to an increased complexity of the problems tackled.
The main intention is to simplify the first steps in the use of EMG as
research and evaluation tool and “get started”. It tries to overview and
summarize the basic knowledge needed to apply and perform mean-
ingful EMG setups and concentrates on practical questions and solu-
“..is the study of muscle function through the inquiry
of the electrical signal the muscles emanate.”Fig.1: A fundamental EMG text book. Basmajian&DeLuca: Mus-cles Alive (2)
Use and Benefits of EMG
Wide spread use of EMG
tool Typical benefits of EMG
The use of EMG starts with the basic question: “What are the muscles doing?”
Typical benefits are:
• EMG allows to directly “look” into the muscle
• It allows measurement of muscular performance
• Helps in decision making both before/after surgery
• Documents treatment and training regimes
• Helps patients to “find” and train their muscles
主机
漏洞扫描
• Allows analysis to improve sports activities
立式鼓风机• Detects muscle response in ergonomic studies
Fig. 4: Direct look into the body / muscle function: EMG syn-
chronized with video and other movement sensors. Software
screenshot of MyoResearch XP TM - NORAXON INC. USA
