摘 要
经济的可持续发展，作为我国科学发展观的基本要求之一，要求自然、社会、科学技术、经济的可协调发展。目前我国大气环境问题形势严峻，国家正在积极寻求节能减排的途径，要求包括交通运输行业在内的各部门都要重视环保。高速铁路以其高速、低碳、安全、准时的特点为人们的生活带来了极大的便利，在我国发展极为迅速。为了降低高速铁路给环境带来的影响，需要研究高速铁路排放的特点。 论文应用高速铁路全生命周期的理论，将高速铁路运营阶段产生的碳排放分为3个部分：动车组牵引能耗产生的碳排放、维持车站日常运营的能耗产生的碳排放、线路养护维修过程中消耗能源或更换材料产生的碳排放。确定每阶段的研究边界，建立各部分的二氧化碳排放计算模型。研究采用数理统计的方法，分析高速铁路运营阶段的碳排放特点，通过利用对数平均迪氏指数法计算各影响因素对高速铁路运营阶段的碳排放量的贡献值和贡献率，确定抑制碳排放增长的主要因素。 研究表明，牵引供电系统在整个高速铁路运营阶段中产生的二氧化碳排放量最大。在时间特性上，牵引供电系统春季产生的碳排放明显低于其他三个季节。车站运营系统产生的碳排放有四季分明的特征，随着车站等级的降低，单位车站面积上人均碳排放指标反而越来越大；而随着车站所在城市的等级越高，单位车站面积上人均碳排放指标反而越来越低。从影响因素分解的结果来看，能源的碳排放因子和单位周转量能耗对高速铁路碳排放增长有着强烈的抑制作用。通过对电力碳排放因子的预测分析，提出了节能减排的具体措施。
关键词：高速铁路；运营阶段；碳排放；对数平均迪氏指数法
Abstract
Sustainable economic development,as one of the basic requirements of the scientific concept of development in China, requires the coordinated development of nature, society, science, technology and economy. China's atmospheric environment problem is still severe, and our country actively seeks ways to save energy and reduce emissions, requiring all walks of life to pay more attention to environmental protection. Transportation industry is no exception. High-speed railway develops rapidly with its characteristics of high speed, low carbon, safety and punctuality. In order to understand the impact of high-speed railway on the environment, it is necessary to study the emission characteristics of high-speed railway. The greenhouse gases in the operation stage of high-speed railway are selected as the research object and to analyzed.
Based on the life cycle theory of high-speed railway, the carbon emissions generated in the operation stage of high-speed railway are divided into three parts: the carbon emissions generated by traction energy consumption of EMU, the carbon emissions generated by energy consumption to maintain the daily operation of stations, the carbon emissions generated by energy consumption or
material replacement in the maintenance process of lines. The research boundaries of each part are studied and the carbon dioxide emission computational models of each part are established. By using the method of mathematical statistics, this paper analyses the characteristics of carbon emissions in the operation stage of high-speed railway, calculates the contribution value and contribution rate of each factor to the carbon emissions in the operation stage of high-speed railway by using the method of Logarithmic Mean Divisia Index, and identifies the main factors that restrain the growth of carbon emissions.
The research shows that the carbon dioxide emission from traction power supply system is the largest in the whole operation stage of high-speed railway. In terms of
time characteristics, the carbon emissions of traction power supply system are in spring significantly lower than the other three seasons. Carbon emission from station operation system has distinct charactors according to four seasons. With the decrease of station grade, the per capita carbon emission index of unit station area becomes larger and larger, while the per capita carbon emission index of unit station area becomes lower and lower with the higher grade of the city where the station is located. From the results of decomposition of influencing factors, the carbon emission factors of energy and energy consumption per unit turnover have a strong inhibitory effect on the gro
wth of carbon emissions of high-speed railway. Based on the prediction and analysis of power carbon emission factors, specific measures for energy saving and emission reduction are put forward.
Key words: High-speed railway, operational stage,carbon emissions, Logarithmic Mean Divisia Index
目 录
第一章绪论 (1)
1.1 研究背景 (2)
1.2 研究目标和意义 (3)
1.2.1 研究目标 (3)
1.2.2 研究意义 (4)
1.3 高速铁路运营阶段的碳排放研究现状 (4)
1.3.1 国外研究现状 (4)
1.3.2 国内研究现状 (6)
1.4 研究内容与各章节联系 (7)
1.4.1 研究方法 (7)
1.4.2 研究内容 (8)
1.4.3 各章节联系 (9)
1.4.4 技术路线 (10)
第二章高速铁路运营阶段碳排放建模 (11)
2.1 高速铁路全生命周期理论 (11)
2.2 高速铁路运营阶段碳排放概念 (11)
2.2.1 牵引供电系统碳排放 (12)
2.2.2 车站运营系统碳排放 (13)
2.2.3 养护维修系统碳排放 (13)
2.3 碳排放计算模型 (14)
2.3.1 碳排放计算假定 (14)
2.3.2 牵引供电系统碳排放计算模型 (15)
2.3.3 车站运营系统碳排放计算模型 (16)
2.3.4 养护维修系统碳排放计算模型 (16)
2.4 碳排放因子 (17)
2.4.1 材料的碳排放系数 (17)
2.4.2 电力碳排放系数 (18)
2.5 高速铁路运营阶段的分析指标 (20)电解臭氧发生器
第三章牵引供电系统碳排放分析 (22)
-
I-
3.1 基础资料调查 (22)车流量统计
3.2 牵引供电系统碳排放指标计算 (24)
3.3 牵引供电系统碳排放特征 (27)
3.3.1 周期性特征 (27)
3.3.2 季节性特征 (28)
3.4 牵引供电系统碳排放与站间距离和运行速度的关系 (29)
3.5 不同运输工具的能耗与排放对比 (36)
3.5.1 不同动车组能耗与碳排放对比 (37)
3.5.2 其他运载工具的能耗与碳排放对比 (38)
3.6 小结 (39)
第四章车站运营系统碳排放分析 (40)
4.1 京沪高铁站的介绍 (40)
4.2 车站运营碳排放指标计算 (41)
4.3 车站碳排放的时间特征 (43)
4.4 车站每人每平方米的碳排放特征 (45)
4.4.1 空间特征 (46)
4.4.2 不同车站等级的碳排放特征 (47)
4.5 小结 (49)
第五章养护维修系统碳排放分析 (50)
5.1 养护维修工程量清单 (50)
5.2 计算结果 (52)
5.3 小结 (53)铸造模具
第六章运营阶段碳排放影响因素分析 (54)去污剂
6.1 影响因素的确定 (54)
6.2 分解算法 (55)
6.3 分解结果 (57)
6.4 节能减排的措施 (60)
6.5 小结 (64)
第七章结论与展望 (66)
neor7.1 结论 (66)
7.2 展望 (67)
参考文献 (68)
-
II-
>机房集中监控
