作业讲解: 请指出句子中的形容词,且判定它在句中所作的成分。
We arrived home very late, safe and sound. 我们到家很晚,安然无恙。
答:safe and sound,是形容词的并列结构,在句中作伴随状语(home/late在这里都是副词,修饰arrive)此句并非是主谓宾结构!∵arrive为不及物动词,不能直接带宾语,除非跟介词短语。
课前练习: 判断下面句子的对错
She looks more younger than I.(more不可以修饰比较级,但可用much加强比较级)
正确的句子为→→She looks younger than I./She looks much younger than I.
Beijing's weather is colder than Shanghai.(比较对象偏差,Shanghai应该+'s) 语法解读:
一.形容词三种存在形式: 原级/比较级/最高级
1)直接变化词尾,加—er, —est: strong-stronger—strongest
2)字母e结尾,把e去掉,再加后缀: late—later—latest
3)以一个辅音字母结尾,双写该辅音字母: hot—hotter—hottest金属槽筒
室内天麻种植技术4)“辅音+y”结尾,把y变成i: ugly—uglier—ugliest
5)“元音+y”结尾,y不变: gray—grayer—grayest
6)双/多音节,前加more或most:
enthusiastic—more enthusiastic—most enthusiastic
规则变化中的特殊情况
1)少数双音节形容词既可加后缀;也可以加more, most:
cleverer / more clever—cleverest / most clever
simpler / more simple—simplest / most simple
2)“劣等比较”形容词原型前加less, least:
important—less important—least important
3)有些形容词没有比较级(自身就表达了一种“极致”的情况):
right, wrong, final,impossible, perfect
4)电脑防尘罩复合形容词,例如: well—known,better—known, best—known
2.不规则变化
1) good—better—best 2) bad—worse—worst
3) much/many—more—most 4) far—farther—farthest
二.比较级的句型用法
1.原级比较: as... as...
Today is as warm as yesterday. 今天和昨天一样暖和。
Today is not as/so warm as yesterday.(第一个as可由so代替) 双扣管 今天不如昨天暖和。
He gave me as valuable advice as you did.(as后面跟“形容词+名词”)
他给我的建议和你给的一样有价值。
Miss Green is not as/so strict ateacher as Mr. White.
格林老师不像怀特老师那样严格。
2.比较级———当一方超过或少于另一方时,用“比较级”.+than”;否定式“less than”
He made fewer mistakes than I (did). 他犯的错误比我少。
John gets better grades than Bob (does). 约翰的分数比鲍勃好。
We should help those who are less fortunate than us.
我们应该帮助那些没有我们幸运的人。
句式: the +形容词最高级(+名词) +表示范围的短语或从句
The theater is the oldest in London.=This is the oldest theater in London.
这是伦敦最古老的剧院。
难点精析:
1.比较级句型常见问题3
China's population is more than Japan. X →(比较对象出问题)
China's population is more than Japan's.√ 中国的人口比日本的人口多。
China is larger than any country in Asia. X →(比较的范围出问题)
China is larger than any other country in Asia. √ 中国比亚洲其他国家都大。 China is larger than any country in Africa. √ 中国比
非洲的国家都大。
2.比较结构中的省略比较对象的现象
一What do you think of this film?—I have never seen a better one.
—你觉得这部电影怎么样? — 我从未见过比这更好的了。(后面省略than this film)
Are you feeling better today?(暗含跟yesterday比) 你今天感觉好点了吗?
Be more careful next time.(暗含跟this time比) 下次小心点。
She hoped to get a better job.(暗含跟the present job比) 她希望得到一份更好的工作。
3.结晶器铜管特殊的比较结构
1)比较级+and+比较级:越来越
My English is getting better and better. 我的英语变得越来越好了。
2) the+比较级,the+比较级:越……越……
The older you get, the wiser you will become. 你年纪越长,就会变得越有智慧。
3) no+比较级+than:前后一样(同级比较)
His English is no better than mine. 他的英语不比我的好。
4) :与其说...不如说...
He is more an artist than a philosopher. 与其说他是一个哲学家,不如说他是一个艺术家.
4.比较级表最高级
1)比较级+than
Rose is taller than any other girl in her class. 萝丝比她们班里其他女生都高。
