c型钢是怎么做成的• 1122 • DOI: 10.19289/j.1004-227x.2017.21.002草地悠波球
李海波,解瑞*,程凯
(中国电子科技集团公司第五十五研究所,江苏 南京 210016)
摘要:以4J29可伐合金为基材进行镍/金/镍/金交叉电镀,采用声扫显微镜、扫描电子显微镜、能谱仪、聚焦离子束等手段研究 了高温除氢对镀金层表面可焊性的影响。提高除氢温度有利于减少封装外壳内部的氢含量,但会促使镀镍层中的镍元素向镀金 层扩散。当除氢温度为150 °C 时,镀金层与镀镍层结合处检测出镍元素;当除氢温度达350 °C 时,
镀金层表面检测出镍元素;
当除氢温度达450 °C 时,镀金层表面的镍多达21.32%(原子分数),并发生氧化。高温除氢使得镀金层成分和结构发生变化,
致使镀金层表面焊料流散性变差,焊接孔隙率增大,焊接可靠性下降。
亿万像素关键词:金;镍;电镀;高温除氢热处理;可焊性;孔隙率;扩散;氧化
中图分类号:TQ153.2; TG113.263 文献标志码:A 文章编号:1004 – 227X (2017) 21 – 1122 – 06
Analysis on the effect of high-temperature dehydrogenation heat treatment on surface weldability of
山药种植开沟机gold-plated coating // LI Hai-bo, XIE Rui*, CHENG Kai
Abstract: Nickel/gold/nickel/gold coating was formed on 4J29 Kovar alloy substrate by alternately nickel and gold plating.
The effect of high-temperature dehydrogenation on surface weldability of gold coating was studied by acoustic scanning
microscopy, scanning electron microscopy, energy-dispersive spectrometry and focused ion beam technique. The increase of
dehydrogenation temperature helps to reduce the internal hydrogen content of the packaging shell but promotes the diffusion
of nickel from nickel coating to gold coating. Nickel element was detected at the interface between gold and nickel coatings
after dehydrogenation at 150 °C and on the surface of top gold coating after dehydrogenation at 350 °C. The nickel content
on the surface of top gold coating is up to 21.32at% and nickel is oxidized when dehydrogenating at 450 °C. The
composition and structure of gold coating change during high-temperature dehydrogenation, leading to a worse weldability
of gold coating (as evidenced by the worse solder fluidity on surface of gold coating) and a higher welding porosity.
Keywords: gold; nickel; electroplating; high-temperature dehydrogenation heat treatment; weldability; porosity; diffusion;
oxidation
First-author’s address: The 55th Research Institute of China Electronics Technology Group Cooperation, Nanjing
210016, China
气密性封装外壳中的气氛组成及其含量对密封元器件的可靠性有很大影响。其中,氢是需要重点关
注的组分,它原子半径小,在高温下极易以原子态形式扩散进入材料内部,严重损害Si 、GaN 、GaAs
等半导体器件,封装结构中多种类型的失效都与之有关[1-2]。密封元器件中的氢不仅无法彻底消除,而且铂钛催化剂
经常会在外壳的电镀过程中产生。为降低氢对密封电子元器件可靠性的影响,封装外壳在电镀后需进行
高温除氢处理[3-5]。
密封元器件外壳的镀层一般为电镀镍/金或镍–金/镍–金镀层,高温退火处理对外壳的除氢效果显著,手势控制
但也可能会影响外壳镀金层的可焊性[6-8]。目前关于高温除氢对镀层结构和可焊性的影响还没有系统的研
究报道。本文通过声扫显微镜、扫描电镜、能谱仪、聚焦离子束等现代测试手段深入研究了高温除氢对
外壳镀金层结构和可焊性的影响,分析了镍元素在镀金层中的扩散过程。
1 实验
1. 1 电镀
使用4J29可伐金属外壳作为基体,其组成为:Ni 28.5% ~ 29.5%,Co 16.8% ~ 17.8%,杂质低于1%,
Fe 余量。基体经除油、酸洗、等离子清洗、活化和去离子水清洗后进行电镀。电镀镍采用低应力氨基磺
酸镍体系镀液,电镀金采用日本田中贵金属工业株式会社生产的镀金液。如图1所示,镀层为Ni/Au/Ni/Au
收稿日期:2017–07–31 修回日期:2017–10–29
作者简介:李海波(1978–),男,江苏扬州人,本科,工程师,主要从事电子元器件的技术工作。
通信作者:解瑞,高级工程师,(E-mail) anhuixds@126 。